Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is a condition in which the tubes that carry air to the lungs slowly lose their ability to clear out mucus due to widening and scarring. As the mucus builds up, bacteria have the opportunity to grow. This bacterial growth leads to repeated, serious lung infections, causing damage to the airways. Over time, the airways can't move enough air in and out of the lungs, which may lead to the body’s vital organs not receiving enough oxygen.

Symptoms of this condition may include long-term (chronic) coughing, coughing up large amounts of mucus, wheezing, chest pain, shortness of breath, clubbing (where the skin beneath the nails becomes thicker), weight loss, and fatigue.

Bronchiectasis has two forms: congenital, which results from a problem with the lung development in a fetus, or acquired, which results from a viral or bacterial infection of the lungs. Lung (pulmonary) conditions including cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and COPD have also been known to cause bronchiectasis.

This condition is typically diagnosed when an affected individual expresses their symptoms to the doctor. Using a physical exam, a chest X-ray, and other pulmonary function exams, the doctor can make an official diagnosis. Although there is no cure at this time, there are many treatment options available. The use of antibiotics and mucus-thinning medications can be used to treat infections and help lessen the amount of mucus in the lungs. Bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, and physical therapy have been useful to increase airflow to the lungs. In more serious cases, there are also surgical options available.

Although bronchiectasis is manageable, leaving the condition untreated could result in further lung damage. If you or someone you know is experiencing the symptoms of bronchiectasis, it is important to contact your doctor as soon as possible to discuss the most current treatment options.